Urinary MDMA, MDA, HMMA, and HMA excretion following controlled MDMA administration to humans

Abstract

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), or ecstasy, is excreted as unchanged drug, 3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), and free and glucuronidated/sulfated 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyamphetamine (HMA) …