The ugly side of amphetamines: short-and long-term toxicity of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA,'Ecstasy'), methamphetamine and D-amphetamine

T Steinkellner, M Freissmuth, HH Sitte… - Biological …, 2011 - degruyter.com

Author(s): Thomas Steinkellner , Michael Freissmuth , Harald Sitte

Focus: MDMA

Abstract:

Abstract Amphetamine ('Speed'), methamphetamine ('Ice') and its congener 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA;'Ecstasy') are illicit drugs abused worldwide for their euphoric and stimulant effects. Despite compelling evidence for chronic MDMA …