Effects of MDMA alone and after pretreatment with reboxetine, duloxetine, clonidine, carvedilol, and doxazosin on pupillary light reflex

Abstract

Rationale Pupillometry can be used to characterize autonomic drug effects. Objective This study was conducted to determine the autonomic effects of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy), administered alone and after …