Cardiac oxidative stress determination and myocardial morphology after a single ecstasy (MDMA) administration in a rat model

Abstract

Experimental and clinical data indicate that 3, 4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) abuse can produce significant cardiovascular toxicity. A mechanism may be a direct toxic effect of redox active metabolites of MDMA. To evaluate the effect of a single MDMA …